Incorporating the rater into measurement processes: The role of episodic and semantic memory
This seminar reports the results of 5 studies showing the general superiority of episodic compared to semantic items in predicting multiple types of outcomes. Items from both transformational and servant leadership scales were classified based on rater metacognitive processes as tending to emphasize semantic or episodic memory, and these items were then aggregated into episodic or semantic leadership scales. Regression analyses showed the general superiority of episodic scales in predicting dependent variables, even though episodic and semantic scales were highly correlated. Reasons for the general superiority of episodic memory will also be addressed.